Valve Characteristic Feature in English and Chinese
1.Actuator:Device used to open/close or control the valve .Key types include electrical ,
hydraulic and pneumatic .Movement may be quarter-turn or multi-turn .Actuators may be used when (i) valves are remotely located (eg,on pipelines) (ii) valves are located in hazardous areas (iii) manual operation would be time-consuming (eg,with larger valves)
执行器:用于开启、关闭或调节阀门的装置。主要包括电动、液动和气动三种类型。运动方式可以是直角回转式或多转式。在以下场合可以考虑使用控制器：1.当阀门位置较远时（比如位于管道上）； 当阀门位于危险区域时；3.当手工操作较为费时（比如当阀门较大的时候）
2.Air valve: Valve that is used to control the flow of air .Flows are normally small, so solenoid valves are suited
空气阀:用于控制空气流动的阀门。由于该类阀门中的空气流量通常较小，因此适用于电磁阀。
3.Back pressure :The pressure exerted on the downstream side of a valve seat.
背压力：作用于阀门下游侧的压力。
4.Ball valve:A quarter-turn valve with a spherical closing element held between two seats.
Characteristics include quick opening and good shut-off. Ball valves are widely used as on/off valves in the chemical process and other industries. Special designs (with V notches or fingers) are available for throttling applications. Larger valves with heavier balls (eg, on pipelines )may use trunnions to help support the ball and prevent damage to soft internals. Designs are typically, one, two or three piece.
球阀：一种直角回转阀，其球形关闭单元夹在两个密封垫之间。具有开启迅速、关闭性好等特点。球阀作为一种开、关阀被广泛用于化学工序和其它产业中。带V型缺口或指状密封组件的特殊设计可用于节流相关的应用中。带较重球体的球阀（比如管道上的球阀）可以使用耳轴来帮助支撑球体及防止损伤球体内部的软性组件。典型的球阀设计分为一片式、两片式和三片式。
5.Bellows:Sealing device which prevents line media leaking between the stem and the body
波纹管：防止管路内的介质从阀杆和阀体之间渗漏的密封设备。
6.Butterfly valve:A quarter-turn valve which has a circular disk as its closing element. The standard design has the valve stem running through the disk, giving a symmetrical appearance .Later design off-set the stem, so that the disk ‘cams’ into the valve seat. Advantages include less wear and tear on the disk and seats, and tighter for use in water(treatment) plants,etc. More expensive metal seats can be used where high
Temperatures or aggressive chemicals are encountered. So-called “High Performance” butterfly valves offer zero leakage desighs and have been applied in both the chemicals and hydrocarbon processing sectors
蝶阀：一种直角回转阀，由一个圆形蝶板作为关闭单元。在标准的蝶阀设计中，阀杆穿透蝶板进行运动，从外部看起来较为对称。后来的设计将阀杆的位置偏移，使得蝶板看起来好像陷在阀座里。蝶阀的优点包括较低的蝶板和阀座磨耗以及更好的关闭性能。有多种设计类型的蝶阀可供选择，包括水（处理）厂等所使用的价格低廉的特氟隆阀座或弹性阀座。较为昂贵的金属阀座可用于高温环境或者存放有腐蚀性化学物品的环境中。所谓的“高性能”蝶阀提供了零泄露设计并且已被运用于化工和碳氢化合物加工领悟。
7.Bypass valve:A small bore valve fitted in parallel to a larger main valve. Bypass valves are used to reduce the differential pressure across the main valve before this latter valve is opened (as otherwise this larger, more expensive valve, may suffer damage to internal
components)
旁通阀：与主阀平行安装在一起的一种小型孔阀。旁通阀用于减少主阀打开前的表面压力差（否则，体积更大、价格更贵的主阀就可能对阀内组件造成损伤）
8.Check valve:A valve that is designed to allow the fluid to flow in a given direction but closes to prevent backflow. Types include swing check, tilting disc check and wafer check. Check valves (also called non-return valves) are usually self-acting.
止回阀：一种导引流体按特定方向流动并适时闭合阀门以防止流体回流的阀。起类型包括旋启式止回阀、斜阀瓣止回阀和对夹式止回阀。止回阀（亦称单向阀）通常都是自动式的。
9.Control valve:A valve which regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid. Control valves normally respond to signals generated by independent devices such as flow meters, temperature gauges, etc. Control valves are mormally fitted with actuators and positoners. Pneumatically-actuated globe valves are widely used for control purposes in many industries, although quarter-turn types such as (modified) ball and butterfly valves may also be used.
控制阀：一种调节流体流量和压力的阀。控制阀通常根据流量计、温度计等独立设备发出的指令来操作。控制阀通常装备有驱动装置和定位器。气动球阀在很多工业中都被广泛用作控制阀，虽然直角回转阀——比如（改装的）球阀和蝶阀——也可用作控制阀
10.Cryogenic valves:These are valve suited for use at temperature below -40 degrees Celsius
低温阀：低温阀适合在摄氏度零下40多度的温度下使用。
11.Diaphragm valve:A bi-directional valve which is operated by applying an enternal force to a flexibel element, or diaphragm (typically an elastomer). Diaphragm valves may be used for slurries (where other valve designs might clog) or in hygienic applicantons.
隔膜阀：一种通过给阀内弹性单元（或隔膜）施加外力来运行的双向阀。隔膜阀可用于泥浆相关的作业（这种情况下如采用其它类型的阀则可能造成阻塞）或者与卫生相关的应用中。
12.Diverter valve:A valve which can change the direction of the flow of a medium to two or more different directions.
导流阀：一种能改变介质流向并使之流往两个以沈阳不同方向的阀。
13.Double block and bleed:A valve configuration in which positive shut-off is achieved at both the inlet and outlet sides. A small port is fitted to discharge fluid in the intermediate space. Fitting a gas detector to the port provides assurance of the integrity of the upstream seal. This configuration is often required to isolate high pressure sections of a system to facilitate safe maintenance, etc.
双截断-泄放结构：一种在入口端和出口端均可有效关闭的阀结构。在该结构中装有一条小的孔道，用于在中间趋于排出流体。给该孔道撞上一个气体探测器可确保上游密闭的完整性。通常要求该结构能将系统的高雅区域隔离开，以方便安全维护等作业。
14.Electric actuators:Actuator which users an electric motor to operate the valve stem.
电动装置：采用电机来操作阀杆的驱动装置。
15.Extended bonnet:Used when the media is at high or low temperatures, to avoid damage to the sealing elements.
扩展阀帽：在介质处于高温或低温状况下时使用，以避免损伤密封单元
16.Float valve:A valve which automatically opens or closes as the level of a liquid changes. The valve is operated mechanically by a float which rests on the top of the luquid.
浮阀：一种随液体高度变化而自动开关的阀。该阀通过浮于液体表面的浮子实现机械运作。
17.Full bore:Term used e.g. of a ball valve, to indicate that the internal diameter of the valve opening is the same as that of the piping to which it is fitted.
等径孔道：球阀等用术语，用以表明阀门开度的内径与连接的管道内径是相同的。
18.Gate valve:A multi-turen valve which has a gate-like disk and two seats to close the valve. The gate moves linearly, perpendicular to the direction of flow. This type of valve is normally used in the fully opened or fully closed position; it is not suited to throttling applicatons .Gate valves provide robust sealing, and are used extensively in the
petrochemicals industries. This class of valves also includes knife gate valves, conduit gate valves and wedge gate valves .Knife gate valve have much thinner gates with a knife-like edge, making them suited to use with floating solids, eg, as in the pulp&paper industries. Conduit gate valves have a rectangular disk as the closing element. One half of the disk is solid, to close the valve, the other has a circular port, which can be used to open the valve. Wedge gate valves have s wedge-shaped gate which ‘wedges’ between floating seats to close the valve tightly.
闸阀：含有一个闸门状阀盘及两个密封垫的一种多转式阀。闸门以垂直于流向的方向线性移动。这类阀通常作为全开或全闭使用，但不适用于节流作业。闸阀提供强劲的密闭功能，因而广泛用于石油化工工业中。刀型闸阀的阀门要薄很多，具有一个刀型的边。这使得它使用与漂浮固体物相关的作业，比如在纸浆和造纸等工业中。直通型闸阀具有一个矩形的阀盘作为密闭单元。该阀盘一半是实心的，用以关闭阀门；另一半则具有一个圆形的孔道，用于开启阀门。楔式闸阀具有一个楔形阀门，像楔子一样插在浮动阀座之间以严密地关闭阀门。
19.Gearboxes:Used to ensure easier operation of larger valves, particularly ball valves.
齿轮箱：用于确保较大的阀（尤其是球阀）操作的便易性。
20.Globe valve:A multi-turn valve with a closing element that moves perpendicularly to the valve body seat and generally seals in a plane paralle to the direction of flow. This type of valves is suited both to throttling and general flow control.
截止阀：一种多转式阀，其关闭单元沿阀座的垂直方向转动，且一般是沿着与流向平行的方向来关闭阀门的。这类阀既适用于节流控制，也适用于一般的流量控制。
21.Hydraulic actuator:A divice fitted to the valve stem than uses hydraulic energy to open and close the valve. Depending on the configuration, the hydraulic fluid may both open and close the valve, or just open the valve. In that latter case, a spring will typically be fitted inside the actuator to return it (and the valve) to the closed positon.
液动装置：安装于阀杆上并利用液压能开启和关闭阀门的一种设备。根据结构的不同，液压机流体可以开启并关闭阀门，也可以只是开启阀门。对于后者，一种典型的做法就是将弹簧安装于驱动装置内部以便弹簧（及阀门）返回到关闭的位置。
22.Jacketed valve:This valve is design incorporates a so-called jacket around the valve body. Steam is introdced into the jacket to keep the fluids being controlled ate the required temperature.
夹套阀：这种阀的设计，是将一个所谓的夹套套在阀体上。水蒸气被引入到夹套中，一保持流体随时都被控制在适当的温度下。
23.Lift check:This not-return valve design incorporates a piston to damp the disk during operation.
升降式止回阀：这种止回阀的设计，采用了一个活塞，以便在阀运转过程中润湿阀盘。
24.Line blind:A pipeling shut-off device,whererby a flat disk is forced between two flanges. Line blinds are less expensive
管道盲板：一种管道密闭设备，通过迫使一个平整阀盘在两个阀缘间移动来运行。管道盲板相比阀门更为便宜，但操作更为费时。
25.Linear valve:Seel multi-turn
直线阀：请参见多转式阀。
26.Multi-ported:Multi-ported valves include additional inlet/outlet ports, to allow fluids to be directed. The ball and plug valve types are ideally suited to multi-port designs.
多通阀：多通阀包括几个附加的入口/出口，以方便导引流体。球阀和塞阀这两种类型非常适合采用这种多通设计。
27.Multi-turn:Category of valves(such as gate, globe, needle) which require nultiple turns of the stem to move the valve from the fully open to the fully closed positon. Also known as linear valves. See also quarter-turn.
多转式阀：阀的一种（比如闸阀、球阀和针形阀），要求阀杆进行多转式运动，以推动阀门从全开位置到全闭位置。多转式阀也成为直线阀。请参见直角回转阀。
28.Needle valve:This multi-turn valve derives its name from the needle-shaped closing element. The design resembles that of the globe valve. Typically available in smaller sizes, they are often used on secondary systems for on/off applications,campling, etc.
针型阀：这种多转式阀采用一个针形关闭单元，故名针型阀。这种阀的设计和球阀的设计类似。通常这种阀的体积较小，一般用于开/关作业及抽样等二级系统中。
29.Penstock valve:A type of simple gate valve, used to contain fluids in open channels. Often found in waste water treament plants.
水道阀：一种简单的闸阀，用于将流体保持在开放水道中。通常见于废水处理厂中。
30.Pilot valve:Small valve requiring little power which is used to operater a larger valve. See also solenoid valves.
导阀：一种小型阀，只需很少的动力即可开动一个更大的阀。请参见电磁阀。
31.Pinch valve: A valve in which a flexible hose is pinched between one or two moving external elements to stop the flow. This valve is often used in slurry and mining applicatons, as its operation is not affected by solid matter in the medium. It is also used with certain gases, as the absence of possible leak paths to the atmosphere ensures good emission control.
捏阀：一种阀，采用一根弹性的软管，通过在一个或两个外部运动单元间捏挤软管来达到阻止流体的流动。该阀常用于泥浆及采矿作业，因为该阀的操作不受介质中的固体物影响。也用于某些气体，因为该阀不具备可能的气体泄露通道，因为能确保良好的气体排放控制。
32. Plug valve:This multi-turn valve derives its name from the rotating plug which forms the closing element. The plug may be cylindrical or truncated. In the open position, the fluid flows through a hole in the plug. Lubricated plug valves rely on a sealing compound injected between the plug and the valve body, whilst sleeved plug valves are fitted with a ‘soft’ insert between the plug and the body.
旋塞阀：这种多转式阀采用一个旋转屏蔽塞作为关闭单元，故名塞阀。这种屏蔽塞可以是柱形的也可以是截形的。当处于开启位置时，流体从旋塞的洞口中流过。油封式旋塞阀依赖于注入旋塞和阀体间的密封组件，而带轴旋塞阀则在旋塞和阀体间装有一个软性插件。
33.Pneumatic actuator:A device fitted to the valve stem than users pneumatic energy to open/close or regulate the valve. Depending on the configuration, the compressed air may both open and close the valve, or just open the valve. In that latter case, a spring will typically be fitted inside the actuator to return the valve to the closed positon.
气动装置：安装于阀杆上并利用气压能开启/关闭或调节阀门的一种设备。根据结构的不同，压缩气体可以开启并关闭阀门，也可以只是开启阀门。对于后者，一种典型的做法就是将弹簧安装于驱动装置内部以便将阀门返回到关闭的位置。
34.Positioner:Device that ensures the closing or throttling element of a valve moves to or maintains the correct position.
定位器：确保阀门的关闭或节流单元能移到或保持正确位置的一种设备。
35.Pressure reducing valve:A self-operating valve used to reduce any excess pressure in a system, eg steam. Also known as a PRV. The valve opens if the internal pressure exceeds that holding the closing element onto the seat.
减压阀：一种自作用阀，用于削减系统中多余的压力，比如蒸汽压。减压阀也被称为泄压阀（PRV）。当内部压力超过关闭单元对于阀座的压力时，阀门就会开启。
36.Quarter-turn:Category of valves (such as ball, plug, butterfly) which require just a 90 degree turn of the stem to move from the fully open to the fully closed positon. See also multi-turn. Note: some larger valves may, for simpler manual operation, be fitted with gearboxes, giving them the appearance of a multi-turn valve.
直角回转阀：阀的一种（比如球阀、旋塞阀和蝶阀），只需阀杆进行直角旋转，以推动阀门从全开位置转到全闭位置。请参见多转式阀。备注：为了简化手工操作，一些较大的阀可能安装有齿轮箱，使得这些阀从外部看起来也像是多转式阀。
37.Reduced bore: Indicates that the internal diameter of the valve is lower than the piping to which the valve is fitted 缩口径：表明阀内径比与之连接的管道内径还要小。
38.Regulating valve: This valve type is used to regulate flows to provide a constant pressure output. 调节阀：这类阀用于调节流量，以确保恒定的出口压力。
39.Sampling valve:A valve which is fitted to a reactor or pipeline to allow small sample of a fluid to be withdrawn for further testing. In simple cases a standard gate or needle valve, for example, may be used. The disadvantage is, that inappropriate use may result in spillage. As an alternative, valves are available which ‘trap’ a small quantity of fluid in a chamber, and only this small amount of fluid is released when the valve is operated.
采样阀：安装于反应器或管道上以抽取流体样本供以后测试的一种阀。在一些简单的情况下，可以使用诸如标准闸阀或针形阀来作为采样阀。采样阀的缺点，是有可能因为操作不当而造成流体溢出。作为一种解决办法，可以将少量流体“捕获”并置于阀室中，这样的阀运行过程中只有这部分流体被释放出来。
40.Solenoid valve:Solenoid valves, typically of the needle globe type, are operated by an electrical solenoid. They are often deployed as pilot valves, i.e., fitted to actuators which in turn control larger valves.
电磁阀：电磁阀通常属于针形球阀，通过电磁来运行。通常将电磁阀用作导阀，也就是将之与驱动装置连接，反过来又控制更大的阀。
41.Spring return:See pneumatic actuator.
弹簧归位：请参见气动驱动装置。
42.Subsea valve:A valve which is designed for use in sea water. For example, installed in a pipeline on the sea bed
海底阀：为适应海水中作业而设计的一种阀。比如，安装于海底管道上的阀。
43.Swing check:This non-return valve has a hinged disk as the closing element
旋启式止回阀：这种止回阀具有一个带铰链的阀盘作为关闭单元。
44.Tank valve:A valve arranged for fitting at the bottom of a tank or process vessel.
罐阀：安装于罐体或处理容器底部的一种阀。
45.Wafer design:The construction of wafer design valves allows them to be ‘sandwiched’ between flanged sections of pipeline. The benefit is lower bolting requirements. Typically used with certain butterfly and check valves.
对夹式设计：按对夹式设计的阀结构容许阀夹于管道各法兰段之间。这样做的好处就是可以降低螺栓连接的要求。通常用于某些蝶阀和止回阀。
46.Wellhead valve:Wellhead valves are used to isolate the flow of oil or gas at the takeoff from an oil or gas well. The design is usually a plug or gate valve.
井口阀：井口阀用于隔离从井口出来的石油或天然气流。通常将井口阀设计成旋塞阀或闸阀。
